Praseodymium

Praseodymium (Pr) is a lanthanide with atomic number 59 and an atomic mass of 140.91. Its electron configuration is [Xe] 4f3 6s2.

Praseodymium key data

Symbol	Pr
Atomic number	59
Atomic mass (standard atomic weight)	140.91
Molar mass	140.91 g/mol
Protons	59
Neutrons (most abundant isotope, praseodymium-141)	82
Electrons (neutral atom)	59
Category	Lanthanide
Period	6
Group	f-block, no group
Block	f-block
Noble gas notation	[Xe] 4f3 6s2
Full electron configuration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f3 5s2 5p6 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2

Atomic mass: IUPAC CIAAW abridged standard atomic weights, 2024. Most abundant isotope: NIST Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions.

Measured properties of praseodymium

From PubChem, the US National Institutes of Health. Public domain. PubChem’s periodic table gives no value for the rows not shown.

Melting point	1204 K (930.85 °C), 51st of 103 by melting point
Boiling point	3793 K (3519.9 °C), 19th of 93 by boiling point
Density	6.77 g/cm³, joint 52nd of 96 by density
State at room temperature	Solid
Electronegativity	1.13 (Pauling), 82nd of 95 by electronegativity
Van der Waals radius	239 pm, 19th of 99 by atomic radius
First ionisation energy	5.464 eV (527.2 kJ/mol), 92nd of 102 by first ionisation energy
Common oxidation states	+3
Discovered	1885

Each rank counts down from the highest value, among the elements PubChem’s table gives one for, and links to that property ranked across the whole table. All of them are collected under periodic trends.

Praseodymium electron configuration

The full electron configuration of praseodymium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f3 5s2 5p6 6s2. With the noble-gas core collapsed it is [Xe] 4f3 6s2, and the outermost subshell is 6s2.

Bohr model of praseodymium (Pr): a nucleus and six shells holding 2, 8, 18, 21, 8 and 2 electrons from the inside out. — Bohr model of praseodymium (Pr). Image © ScienceQuest, CC BY 4.0: free to reuse with credit to ScienceQuest and a link to this page, as the image licence explains.

Orbital box diagram of praseodymium (Pr), [Xe] 4f3 6s2, with the xenon core drawn as one bar: one box per orbital, filled by Hund’s rule, showing three unpaired electrons, in 4f. — Orbital diagram of praseodymium (Pr). Image © ScienceQuest, CC BY 4.0: free to reuse with credit to ScienceQuest and a link to this page, as the image licence explains.

Why group and block follow from this is set out in how the periodic table maps electron configuration, and the electron configuration of every element is listed on one page.

Mass of one praseodymium atom

A molar mass is grams per mole, so dividing by the Avogadro constant gives the mass of a single atom, or for an element with more than one natural isotope the average mass of its atoms, and the reciprocal gives how many atoms sit in a gram.

Mass of one atom

one atom = 140.91 / (6.02214076 × 10²³)
= 2.3399 × 10⁻²² g

Atoms in one gram

atoms per gram = 6.02214076 × 10²³ / 140.91
= 4.2737 × 10²¹ atoms

Praseodymium on the periodic table

Praseodymium is in period 6, outside the numbered groups, in the f-block.