Livermorium

properties predicted

Livermorium (Lv) is a post-transition metal with atomic number 116. It has no stable isotope and no characteristic isotopic composition on Earth, so it has no standard atomic weight. CIAAW lists livermorium-291, livermorium-292 and livermorium-293 as its longest-lived isotopes, and the mass number used here is 293. Its electron configuration is predicted to be [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4, which gives it 6 valence electrons.

Livermorium key data

Symbol	Lv
Atomic number	116
Mass number (one of its longest-lived isotopes)	293
Protons	116
Neutrons (livermorium-293)	177
Electrons (neutral atom)	116
Valence electrons	6
Category	Post-transition metal
Period	7
Group	16
Block	p-block
Noble gas notation	[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4
Full electron configuration	1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d10 7s2 7p4
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6

Mass number: IUPAC CIAAW radioactive elements, from NUBASE2020.

Properties of livermorium

From PubChem, the US National Institutes of Health. Public domain. Most properties of this element are predicted, because only a few atoms have ever been made.

Predicted state at room temperature	Solid
Predicted oxidation states	+4, +2, −2
Discovered	2000

Livermorium electron configuration

The full electron configuration of livermorium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d10 7s2 7p4. With the noble-gas core collapsed it is [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4, and the outermost subshell is 7p4.

Bohr model of livermorium (Lv): a nucleus and seven shells holding 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18 and 6 electrons from the inside out. — Bohr model of livermorium (Lv). Image © ScienceQuest, CC BY 4.0: free to reuse with credit to ScienceQuest and a link to this page, as the image licence explains.

Orbital box diagram of livermorium (Lv), [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4, with the radon core drawn as one bar: one box per orbital, filled by Hund’s rule, showing two unpaired electrons, in 7p. — Orbital diagram of livermorium (Lv). Image © ScienceQuest, CC BY 4.0: free to reuse with credit to ScienceQuest and a link to this page, as the image licence explains.

Why group and block follow from this is set out in how the periodic table maps electron configuration, and the electron configuration of every element is listed on one page.

Mass of one livermorium atom

A molar mass is grams per mole, so dividing by the Avogadro constant gives the mass of a single atom, or for an element with more than one natural isotope the average mass of its atoms, and the reciprocal gives how many atoms sit in a gram.

Mass of one atom

one atom = 293 / (6.02214076 × 10²³)
= 4.8654 × 10⁻²² g

Atoms in one gram

atoms per gram = 6.02214076 × 10²³ / 293
= 2.0553 × 10²¹ atoms

Livermorium has no standard atomic weight, because it has neither a stable isotope nor a characteristic isotopic composition on Earth. The figure used above is the mass number of livermorium-293, so treat these as nominal.

Livermorium on the periodic table

Livermorium is in period 7, group 16, in the p-block.

The other elements of group 16 are oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium and polonium.