Skip to content
ScienceQuest
Rg

Roentgenium

properties predicted

Roentgenium (Rg) is a transition metal with atomic number 111. It has no stable isotope and no characteristic isotopic composition on Earth, so it has no standard atomic weight; its longest-lived isotope has mass number 282. Its electron configuration is predicted to be [Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2.

Roentgenium key data

Symbol Rg
Atomic number 111
Mass number (longest-lived isotope) 282
Protons 111
Neutrons (longest-lived isotope, roentgenium-282) 171
Electrons (neutral atom) 111
Category Transition metal
Period 7
Group 11
Block d-block
Noble gas notation [Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2
Full electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d9 7s2
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 2

Mass number: IUPAC CIAAW radioactive elements, from NUBASE2020.

The values are facts and free to use; this page’s selection and presentation are © 2026 ScienceQuest.

Properties of roentgenium

From PubChem, the US National Institutes of Health. Public domain. Most properties of this element are predicted, because only a few atoms have ever been made.

Predicted state at room temperature Solid
Predicted oxidation states +5, +3, +1, −1
Discovered 1994

Roentgenium electron configuration

The full electron configuration of roentgenium is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14 5s2 5p6 5d10 5f14 6s2 6p6 6d9 7s2. With the noble-gas core collapsed it is [Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2, and the outermost subshell is 7s2.

Bohr model of roentgenium (Rg): a nucleus and seven shells holding 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17 and 2 electrons from the inside out.
Bohr model of roentgenium (Rg). Image © ScienceQuest, CC BY 4.0: free to reuse with credit to ScienceQuest and a link to this page, as the image licence explains.
Orbital box diagram of roentgenium (Rg), [Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2, with the radon core drawn as one bar: one box per orbital, filled by Hund’s rule, showing one unpaired electron, in 6d.
Orbital diagram of roentgenium (Rg). Image © ScienceQuest, CC BY 4.0: free to reuse with credit to ScienceQuest and a link to this page, as the image licence explains.

Why group and block follow from this is set out in how the periodic table maps electron configuration, and the electron configuration of every element is listed on one page.

Mass of one roentgenium atom

A molar mass is grams per mole, so dividing by the Avogadro constant gives the mass of a single atom, or for an element with more than one natural isotope the average mass of its atoms, and the reciprocal gives how many atoms sit in a gram.

Mass of one atom

  1. one atom = 282 / (6.02214076 × 10²³)
  2. = 4.6827 × 10⁻²² g

Atoms in one gram

  1. atoms per gram = 6.02214076 × 10²³ / 282
  2. = 2.1355 × 10²¹ atoms

Roentgenium has no standard atomic weight, because it has neither a stable isotope nor a characteristic isotopic composition on Earth. The figure used above is the mass number of roentgenium-282, so treat these as nominal.

Roentgenium on the periodic table

Roentgenium is in period 7, group 11, in the d-block.

The other elements of group 11 are copper, silver and gold.

The rest of period 7

Work with roentgenium